Importance Low level of real income of the population, excessive differentiation of incomes, presence of disadvantaged groups and high poverty rate in Russia necessitate efficient social policy. Objectives The purpose of the study is to identify problems related to social policy of modern Russia and propose measures to eliminate them. Methods We employed general scientific methods of knowledge (dialectical, combination of historical and logical unity, methods of structural and functional analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis) and specific methods of social policy evaluation. Results The paper examines social problems like social inequality, crime-prone areas, demographic situation, the level and quality of life of citizens, and presents trends in the Federal budget expenditures for social policy. It is established that the most serious socio-economic problem threatening the social stability of the modern Russian society is social inequality. We also analyzed the demographic situation in modern Russia. Conclusions The study shows that a sound social policy in Russia is the only efficient tool to smooth social disagreements and conflicts, to ensure equal possibilities for people. The findings may be useful to design programs and strategies of social and economic development at macro- and meso-levels, concept of sustainable economic development, and social security doctrine.
Keywords: social policy, social inequality, demographic policy, fertility, unemployment
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