Subject The article addresses the financial resource base of a central bank as an issuing institution in the economy. Objectives The study aims to disclose the mechanisms of central banks' financial resource formation and solve the problem of 'financial equilibrium' of a central bank within the fulfillment of its functions, including the national economy stabilization. Methods The study employs formal logic, systems approach and statistical data analysis. Results The paper provides a comparative analysis of various sources of central banks' financial resource formation (funds from currency issue, raising funds in free markets and government funds). It presents statistical data that quantify the capital of central banks of various countries across the world (countries with developed and with developing markets). Conclusions The main factor of central banks' financial resource formation is money issued into circulation and, to a lesser extent, equity capital. The financial resources of the central bank should be sufficient to generate the necessary amount of international reserves. Despite the fact that central banks are not commercial organizations, they should not have losses, and the economy stabilization should consider the ability of a central bank to maintain its financial equilibrium and to avoid losses.
Keywords: central bank, capital, financial resources, monetary gold, international reserves
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