Subject This article discusses the problem of air pollution in major Russian cities. Objectives The article aims to consider and summarize best practices for controlling air pollution caused by vehicles. Methods For the study, we used the logical and systems approaches, and comparison. Results The article describes the main socio-economic effects and characterizes the problem of air pollution in major cities of Russia, focusing on motor transport, which is one of the key sources of harmful emissions. It organizes methods to control air pollution and assesses the effectiveness of each of them. Conclusions The results of the study can be used to analyze air pollution by motor transport and develop measures to improve the environmental situation.
Keywords: air pollution, road transport, Russian cities, socio-ecological and economic well-being, population
References:
Glazyrina I.P., Zabålina I.A., Klevakina E.A. [Economic development and environmental impact disparities among Russia's regions]. Zhurnal novoi ekonomicheskoi assotsiatsii = Journal of the New Economic Association, 2010, no. 7, pp. 70–88. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Ryumina E.V. [Why the enterprises do not want and can not protect environment: the quantitative analysis]. Ekonomicheskaya nauka sovremennoi Rossii = Economics of Contemporary Russia, 2009, no. 3, pp. 66–74. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Tagaeva T.O., Gil'mundinov V.M., Kazantseva L.K. [Ecological situation and environmental protection policy in Russian regions]. Ekonomika regiona = Economy of Region, 2016, vol. 12, iss. 1, pp. 78–92. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Zhao D., Sing T.F. Air Pollution, Economic Spillovers, and Urban Growth in China. The Annals of Regional Science, 2017, vol. 58, iss. 2, pp. 321–340. URL: Link
Stern D.I., Zha D. Economic Growth and Particulate Pollution Concentrations in China. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 2016, vol. 18, iss. 3, pp. 327–338. URL: Link
Hallegatte S., Henriet F., Corfee-Morlot J. The Economics of Climate Change Impacts and Policy Benefits at City Scale: A Conceptual Framework. Climatic Change, 2011, vol. 104, iss.1, pp. 51–87. URL: Link
Gupta U. Valuation of Urban Air Pollution: A Case Study of Kanpur City in India. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2008, vol. 41, iss. 3, pp. 315–326. URL: Link
Qu T., Zhang Y., Liu R., Dong M.Social Effect of Environmental Pollution on Valley-Cities in Western China. Chinese Geographical Science, 2009, vol. 19, iss. 1, pp. 8–16. URL: Link
Li L., Lei Y., Pan D. et al. Economic Evaluation of the Air Pollution Effect on Public Health in China's 74 Cities. SpringerPlus, 2016, vol. 5, iss. 1, p. 402. URL: Link
Lee H., Myung W., Kim S.E. et al. Ambient Air Pollution and Completed Suicide in 26 South Korean Cities: Effect Modification by Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, vol. 639, pp. 944–951. URL: Link
Qin Y., Zhu H.Run Away? Air Pollution and Emigration Interests in China. Journal of Population Economics, 2018, vol. 31, iss. 1, pp. 235–266. URL: Link
Zheng S., Cao J., Kahn M.E., Sun C. Real Estate Valuation and Cross-Boundary Air Pollution Externalities: Evidence from Chinese Cities. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 2014, vol. 48, iss. 3, pp. 398–414. URL: Link
Smith V.K., Huang J.C. Hedonic Models and Air Pollution: Twenty-Five Years and Counting. Environmental and Resource Economics, 1993, vol. 3, iss. 4, pp. 381–394. URL: Link
Hao Y., Zheng S. Would Environmental Pollution Affect Home Prices? An Empirical Study Based on China's Key Cities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017, vol. 24, iss. 31, pp. 24545–24561. URL: Link
Al-Thani H., Koç M, Isaifan R.J. A Review on the Direct Effect of Particulate Atmospheric Pollution on Materials and Its Mitigation for Sustainable Cities and Societies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, vol. 25, iss. 28, pp. 27839–27857. URL: Link
Pyzheva Yu.I., Pyzhev A.I., Zander E.V. [Solving the problem of atmospheric air pollution in Russian regions]. Ekonomicheskii analiz: teoriya i praktika = Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice, 2019, vol. 18, iss. 3, pp. 496–513. (In Russ.) URL: Link
Gordeev R.V., Pyzhev A.I. [The Russian car industry: results, trends and prospects]. Ekonomicheskii analiz: teoriya i praktika = Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice, 2014, vol. 13, iss. 48, pp. 26–37. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Kholod N., Evans M. Reducing Black Carbon Emissions from Diesel Vehicles in Russia: An Assessment and Policy Recommendations. Environmental Science & Policy, 2016, vol. 56, pp. 1–8. URL: Link
Wu Y., Zhang S., Hao J. et al. On-Road Vehicle Emissions and Their Control in China: A Review and Outlook. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, vol. 574, pp. 332–349. URL: Link
Wu X., Wu Y., Zhang S. et al. Assessment of Vehicle Emission Programs in China During 1998–2013: Achievement, Challenges and Implications. Environmental Pollution, 2016, vol. 214, pp. 556–567. URL: Link
Zhuravleva T.A., Pavlov K.V. [Transport tax and environmental problems: interconditionality]. Finansovaya zhizn' = Financial Life, 2017, no. 2, pp. 8–11. URL: Link (In Russ.)
Li J., Moul C.C., Zhang W.Hoping Grey Goes Green: Air Pollution's Impact on Consumer Automobile Choices. Marketing Letters, 2017, vol. 18, iss. 2, pp. 267–279. URL: Link
Jeffreys I., Graves G., Roth M. Evaluation of Eco-Driving Training for Vehicle Fuel Use and Emission Reduction: A Case Study in Australia. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2018, vol. 60, pp. 85–91. URL: Link
Khan M.I., Yasmin T., Shakoor A. International Experience with Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as Environmental Friendly Fuel. Energy Systems, 2015, vol. 6, iss. 4, pp. 507–531. URL: Link
Nadaletti W.C., Cremonez P.A., de Souza S.N.M. et al. Potential Use of Landfill Biogas in Urban Bus Fleet in the Brazilian States: A Review. Renewable Sustainable Energy Review, 2015, vol. 41, pp. 277–283. URL: Link
Park S.-A., Tak H. The Environmental Effects of the CNG Bus Program on Metropolitan Air Quality in Korea. The Annals of Regional Science, 2012, vol. 49, iss. 1, pp. 261–287. URL: Link
Nanaki E.A., Koroneos C.J., Roset J. et al. Environmental Assessment of 9 European Public Bus Transportation Systems. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2017, vol. 28, pp. 42–52. URL: Link
Algin V.B. Electrification of Urban Transport. Basic Stages in Creating Electric Buses Fleet. Mekhanika mashin, mekhanizmov i materialov = Mechanics of Machines, Mechanisms and Materials, 2018, no. 3, pp. 5–17.
Adheesh S.R., Vasisht S.M., Ramasesha S.K. Air-Pollution and Economics: Diesel Bus versus Electric Bus. Current Science, 2016, vol. 110, no. 5, pp. 858–862. URL: Link
He X., Zhang S., Ke W. et al. Energy Consumption and Well-to-Wheels Air Pollutant Emissions of Battery Electric Buses under Complex Operating Conditions and Implications on Fleet Electrification. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, vol. 171, pp. 714–722. URL: Link
Majumdar D., Majhi B.K., Dutta A. et al. Study on Possible Economic and Environmental Impacts of Electric Vehicle Infrastructure in Public Road Transport in Kolkata. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2015, vol. 17, iss. 4, pp. 1093–1101. URL: Link
Ma Y., Ke R.-Y., Han R., Tang B.-J. The Analysis of the Battery Electric Vehicle's Potentiality of Environmental Effect: A Case Study of Beijing from 2016 to 2020. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, vol. 145, pp. 395–406. URL: Link
Xylia M., Leduc S., Laurent A.-B. et al. Impact of Bus Electrification on Carbon Emissions: The Case of Stockholm. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, vol. 209, pp. 74–87. URL: Link
Shi X., Wang X., Yang J., Sun Z. Electric Vehicle Transformation in Beijing and the Comparative Eco-Environmental Impacts: A Case Study of Electric and Gasoline Powered Taxis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, vol. 137, pp. 449–460. URL: Link
Lin B., Tan R. Are People Willing to Pay More for New Energy Bus Fares? Energy, 2017, vol. 130, pp. 365–372. URL: Link
Johansson C., Lövenheim B., Schantz P. et al. Impacts on Air Pollution and Health by Changing Commuting from Car to Bicycle. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, vol. 584–585, pp. 55–63. URL: Link
Hertel O., Hvidberg M., Ketzel M. et al. A Proper Choice of Route Significantly Reduces Air Pollution Exposure – A Study on Bicycle and Bus Trips in Urban Streets. Science of the Total Environment, 2008, vol. 389, iss. 1, pp. 58–70. URL: Link
Hankey S., Marshall J.D. On-Bicycle Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution: Particle Number, Black Carbon, PM2.5, and Particle Size. Atmospheric Environment, 2015, vol. 122, pp. 65–73. URL: Link